ebestk, Jaroslav [Chemical Biology and Drug Design, 2017, vol
310 The kidneys susceptibility to oxidative stress stems from various sources including the mitochondrial respiratory complex, NADPH oxidases, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), all of which contribute to the advancement of chronic kidney disease and its related complications
At the post-translational level, 4-HNE accelerated collagen II degradation and activated MMP13, possibly by post-translational modification [78]
In a DSS-induced colitis model, mice fed glutamine had decreased expression of chemokine receptors and had less colonic T-cell infiltration compared with controls thereby decreasing inflammatory mediators in treated individuals [150]